| Musepack or MPC is an open source lossy audio codec,
specifically optimized for transparent compression of stereo audio at bitrates
of 160-180 (manual set allows bitrates up to 320) kbit/s. It was formerly known
as MPEGplus, MPEG+ or MP+. Development of MPC was initiated in 1997 by Andree
Buschmann and later taken over by Frank Klemm, and is currently maintained by
the Musepack Development Team (MDT) with assistance from Frank Klemm. Encoders
and decoders are available for Microsoft Windows, Linux and Mac OS X, along with
plugins for several third-party media players available from the Musepack website,
licensed under the LGPL or BSD licenses, and an extensive list of programs supporting
the format.
Musepack was developed using the MP2 codec as a starting point,
but many features have since been added, including: * subband-wise selectable
M/S encoding (as in AAC)
* Huffman coding (as in MP3 and AAC, but more efficient)
* noise substitution techniques (as in ATSC A-52 and MPEG-4 AAC V2)
* pure
variable bitrate between 3 and 1300 kbit/s (when needed) The psychoacoustic
model of MPC is based on MPEG ISO model 2, but is extended by CVD (clear voice
detection). The quantization algorithm of the MPC encoder performs spectral shaping
of the noise, called adaptive noise shaping (ANS), in order to overcome the low
frequency resolution of the polyphase quadrature filter bands. In the past,
MPC has been under suspicion of violating multiple patents (MP2, PNS, subband)
[1]. According to the developers of MPC, all patented code has been removed and
it is now believed to be free of patent encumbrance. However, one PNS patent application
is still active [2], and it is not trivial to know if MPC's own "noise substitution
techniques" avoid its scope or not. Only a careful examination by a patent
lawyer would say whether Musepack is truly patentless or not. MPC uses the
APEv2 tag metadata container. Musepack is mainly optimized for transparent
encoding at the "--standard" preset (175-185 kbit/s). Very few optimisations
have been made at lower bitrates (like 128 kbit/s). Nevertheless, various listening
tests have been conducted in which Musepack has performed well at both lower and
higher bitrates.
Technical details Musepack was developed using the
MP2 codec as a starting point, but many features have since been added, including:
* subband-wise selectable M/S encoding (as in AAC)
* Huffman coding (as in
MP3 and AAC, but more efficient)
* noise substitution techniques (as in ATSC
A-52 and MPEG-4 AAC V2)
* pure variable bitrate between 3 and 1300 kbit/s
(when needed) The psychoacoustic model of MPC is based on MPEG ISO model
2, but is extended by CVD (clear voice detection). The quantization algorithm
of the MPC encoder performs spectral shaping of the noise, called adaptive noise
shaping (ANS), in order to overcome the low frequency resolution of the polyphase
quadrature filter bands. In the past, MPC has been under suspicion of violating
multiple patents (MP2, PNS, subband) [1]. According to the developers of MPC,
all patented code has been removed and it is now believed to be free of patent
encumbrance. However, one PNS patent application is still active [2], and it is
not trivial to know if MPC's own "noise substitution techniques" avoid
its scope or not. Only a careful examination by a patent lawyer would say whether
Musepack is truly patentless or not. MPC uses the APEv2 tag metadata container. Musepack
is mainly optimized for transparent encoding at the "--standard" preset
(175-185 kbit/s). Very few optimisations have been made at lower bitrates (like
128 kbit/s). Nevertheless, various listening tests have been conducted in which
Musepack has performed well at both lower and higher bitrates. | 
